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Animal models are commonly used for drug screening before clinical trials. However, developing these models is time-consuming, and the results obtained from these models may differ from clinical outcomes due to the differences between animals and humans. To this end, 3D bioprinting offers several advantages for drug screening, such as high reproducibility and improved throughput, in addition to the human cells that can be used to generate these models. Here, we report the development of an animal patient-derived in vitro breast cancer model for drug screening using digital light processing (DLP) bioprinting. These bioprinted models demonstrated good cytocompatibility and preserved phenotypes of the cells. DLP enabled rapid fabrication with blood vessel-like channels to replicate, to a good extent, the tumor microenvironment. Our findings suggested that the improved microenvironment, provided by vascular structures within the bioprinted models, played a crucial role in reducing the chemoresistance of drugs. In addition, the correlation of the in vitro and in vivo drug-screening results was preliminarily performed to evaluate the predictive feasibility of this bioprinted model, suggesting a potential strategy for the design of future drug-testing platforms.